NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a critical coenzyme found in every living cell that acts as a “cellular currency” to facilitate energy production and maintain health.
Key Functions
- Energy Metabolism: It is essential for converting food into cellular energy (ATP) by acting as an electron carrier in redox reactions.
- DNA Repair: NAD+ is a substrate for enzymes like PARPs that repair damaged DNA to maintain genomic stability.
- Cellular Signaling: It regulates sirtuins, a family of proteins known as “longevity genes” that control aging, inflammation, and stress resistance.
- Circadian Rhythm: It helps synchronize the body’s internal clock and metabolic needs.
Why Levels Decline
NAD+ levels naturally decrease as humans age, with significant drops often observed after age 45. This decline is linked to:
- Aging: Increased activity of NAD-consuming enzymes like CD38.
- Lifestyle Stressors: Factors such as poor diet, lack of sleep, chronic stress, and alcohol consumption accelerate depletion.
- Health Conditions: Obesity, hypertension, and inflammation are associated with lower NAD+ levels.
Methods to Boost NAD+
Because direct NAD+ molecules are often too large to enter cells efficiently, various strategies are used to raise levels:
- Precursors: Oral supplements like Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) are converted into NAD+ inside the cell.
- Direct Delivery: Intravenous (IV) therapy, intramuscular (IM) injections, or subcutaneous injections bypass the digestive system for immediate availability.
- Natural Approaches: Regular exercise, a nutrient-dense diet (rich in B3 sources like lean meats and legumes), and intermittent fasting can help support natural production.
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